This study examines how medical students and clinicians report experiencing patient medication requests associated with prescription drug direct-to-consumer advertising on social media; survey data from 98 respondents indicate that those providing both in-person and virtual care encounter more frequent requests for medications advertised online, particularly branded glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) weight loss drugs.
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Vitamin D Linked to Lower Diabetes Risk in People with VDR Gene Variant
A genetic analysis of a large U.S. clinical trial suggests that vitamin D supplementation may reduce the risk of progression from prediabetes to type 2 diabetes, but only for those people who harbor specific variants of the vitamin D receptor gene. The study, led by researchers at Tufts University and published in JAMA Network Open, found that daily high-dose vitamin D lowered diabetes risk by 19% in participants with certain genotypes, opening the possibility of using vitamin D as a diabetes prevention strategy.
The new findings build on data from the Vitamin D and Type 2 Diabetes (D2d) clinical trial, a multi-site randomized study that enrolled more than 2,000 U.S. adults with prediabetes. Study participants were assigned to receive either 4,000 IU of vitamin D3 daily or a placebo. The subjects were then followed for a median of 2.5 years to assess progression to diabetes. The original trial did not show a statistically significant reduction in diabetes risk across all participants.
“But the D2d results raised an important question: Could vitamin D still benefit some people?” said lead author Bess Dawson-Hughes, MD, a senior scientist at the Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University. “Diabetes has so many serious complications that develop slowly over years. If we can delay the time period that an individual will spend living with diabetes, we can stop some of those harmful side effects or lessen their severity.”
In their follow-on research, the Tufts noted that subsequent analysis of the D2d trial data showed that outcomes varied based on achieved blood levels of vitamin D in participants. The new study also found a genetic link to those who had improved outcomes.
To explore the role genetics might play, the investigators conducted a post hoc analysis of 2,098 D2d participants who consented to genetic testing. They focused on three common polymorphisms in the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene: ApaI, BsmI, and FokI. The researchers first examined how vitamin D levels correlated with diabetes risk across genotypes, then evaluated how genetic variants influenced response to supplementation.
The data showed that the ApaI polymorphism is a key determinant of response. Participants with the AA genotype, which was about 30% of the cohort, did not experience a reduction in diabetes risk with vitamin D supplementation. By comparison, those with the AC or CC genotypes, the remaining 70% of participants, showed a 19% lower risk of developing diabetes when treated with vitamin D compared with placebo.
The biological basis for this effect is linked to the role the VDR gene plays in pancreatic β cells, where it influences insulin secretion and glucose regulation. Variations in the receptor may alter how effectively vitamin D exerts these effects, explaining why some individuals benefit from supplementation while others do not.
Earlier research has suggested there is a connection between vitamin D and diabetes risk. In earlier analyses of the D2d trial, participants who maintained higher blood levels of vitamin D experienced substantial reductions in diabetes incidence. These findings were supported by meta-analyses and observational studies, including research from the UK Biobank, which found that genetic variation in VDR could modify its activity.
“We hypothesized that VDR gene variants modify the association between achieved intratrial 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) level and diabetes risk and may modify the effect of vitamin D3 supplementation on the risk of developing diabetes,” the researchers wrote. 25(OH)D is the main form of vitamin D circulating in the blood.
The current study broadens knowledge on the role vitamin D can play in diabetes prevention by identifying the specific polymorphisms at play. The overlap between ApaI and BsmI variants provides further evidence of the role of VDR genetics, although the researchers noted that ApaI alone may be sufficient to identify likely responders.
“This genetic association analysis of the D2d study suggests that genetic variation in the VDR, specifically the ApaI polymorphism, is associated with diabetes risk at higher intratrial 25(OH)D levels and is associated with response to 4000 IU/d of vitamin D3 supplementation among adults with prediabetes,” the researchers wrote.
The implications for clinical care include the potential use of genetic testing to guide preventive treatment. A single test for the ApaI polymorphism could help identify patients with prediabetes who are most likely to benefit from higher-dose vitamin D supplementation.
While the results have established a link between variations in the VDR gene and diabetes development, the research noted that the study was not designed to assess the mechanisms underlying the genetic effects. Further, its sample size limited subgroup analyses by race and ethnicity.
“Our findings suggest we may eventually be able to identify which patients with prediabetes are most likely to benefit from additional vitamin D supplementation,” Dawson-Hughes said. “In principle, this could involve a single, relatively inexpensive genetic test.”
Next steps in this line of research include replicating the findings in independent cohorts and conducting prospective trials designed to test genotype-guided supplementation strategies.
The post Vitamin D Linked to Lower Diabetes Risk in People with <i>VDR</i> Gene Variant appeared first on Inside Precision Medicine.
New ADC Yields Encouraging Clinical Benefit in Platinum-Resistant Ovarian Cancer
Patients with advanced platinum-resistant ovarian cancer whose disease had progressed on standard therapy experienced clinical benefit when treated with the investigational antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) QLS5132.
This finding is according to results from a Phase I clinical trial presented at the American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) Annual Meeting 2026, held in San Diego.
Patients diagnosed with platinum-resistant ovarian cancer face both a poor prognosis and limited treatment options, explained Tao Zhu, MD, chief physician and vice president of Zhejiang Cancer Hospital in China, who presented the study.
Zhu and collaborators tested an investigational ADC, QLS5132, which targets the protein CLDN6. QLS5132 combines a CLDN6-targeting monoclonal antibody with a cytotoxic payload, topoisomerase-1 inhibitor, at a drug-to-antibody ratio of 8:1. CLDN6, Zhu said, makes an ideal target as a protein with very high expression on the surface of ovarian cancer cells and minimal cell-surface expression in healthy tissues.
“The primary purpose of this first-in-human study was to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetic profile of QLS5132 in patients with platinum-resistant ovarian cancer and determine the recommended Phase II dose for future clinical development,” Zhu said. “Additionally, we aimed to assess preliminary antitumor activity to establish an early signal of clinical benefit in this heavily pretreated population with limited options.”
The Phase I, single-arm, dose-escalation trial enrolled 28 patients with a median age of 57.5 who had been diagnosed with advanced platinum-resistant ovarian cancer and who had experienced progression while on standard therapy. The research team administered QLS5132 as an intravenous infusion every three weeks at dose levels of 1.6 mg/kg, 3.2 mg/kg, 4.8 mg/kg, 5.6 mg/kg, and 6.4 mg/kg.
Treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) occurred in 26 (92.9%) patients, with nausea, anorexia, anemia, and weakness occurring most frequently. Nine (32.1%) patients experienced TRAEs of grade 3 or higher, and of those grade ≥3 TRAEs, seven were instances of hematological toxicity. No TRAEs led to treatment discontinuation or death, and no patients experienced interstitial lung disease, ocular toxicity, or febrile neutropenia, Zhu said.
After a median follow-up of 2.2 months, nine patients had a partial response at various dose levels. Two of these partial responses occurred in patients who had no detectable CLDN6 expression.
Across all dose levels, 18 evaluable patients experienced an objective response rate of 50% and a disease control rate of 94.4%. When calculated for the 17 evaluable patients who had received dose levels ≥3.2 mg/kg, the objective response rate and disease control rate rose to 52.9% and 100%, respectively. These responses to QLS5132 occurred irrespective of patients’ CLDN6 expression levels at baseline.
“The most encouraging finding from our study was that QLS5132 demonstrated compelling antitumor activity in patients with platinum-resistant ovarian cancer, with an objective response rate exceeding 50%,” said Zhu. “Equally important, at the potential recommended Phase II dose, we observed a favorable safety profile with no reported cases of interstitial lung disease, ocular toxicity, oral mucositis, or febrile neutropenia.”
Zhu also noted that, though more research would be needed to confirm, preliminary data indicated antitumor activity from QLS5132 regardless of CLDN6 expression levels—which, he said, could expand its potential as a treatment option to a broad cohort of patients with platinum-resistant ovarian cancer.
Zhu acknowledged that further research would be needed to fully understand why QLS5132 can have anticancer effects in patients with undetectable CLDN6 tumoral expression. But he suggested the phenomenon may have a few explanations, including tumor heterogeneity, as well as a potent bystander effect resulting in antitumor efficacy even in cells with low or no CLDN6 expression.
“These findings support the advancement of QLS5132 into Phase III studies, with the goal of providing a much-needed new treatment option for these patients,” said Zhu.
Some limitations of this study include a small sample size and an exploratory single-arm design.
This study was funded by Qilu Pharmaceutical. Zhu discloses no conflicts of interest.
The post New ADC Yields Encouraging Clinical Benefit in Platinum-Resistant Ovarian Cancer appeared first on GEN – Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology News.
Prediabetes Genotyping Identifies Who Benefits from Vitamin D
Genotyping could help identify people who would most benefit from vitamin D supplements to prevent their progression to diabetes, further analysis of a clinical trial suggests.
The genetic association study indicated that individuals with glycemic indicators of prediabetes could benefit from supplementation with 4000 IU/d of vitamin D3 if they carried specific genetic polymorphisms.
Two genotypes of the ApaI vitamin D receptor polymorphism (VDR) were linked to a risk reduction when these vitamin supplements were taken compared with placebo, according to the report in JAMA Open.
“Our exploratory findings, if confirmed, hold promise for high-dose vitamin D3 as a targeted, personalized approach to reducing the risk of type 2 diabetes among selected adults with prediabetes,” reported Bess Dawson-Hughes, MD, from the Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University in Boston, and co-workers.
“The magnitude of the observed risk reduction among participants with AC and CC alleles of the ApaI polymorphism, if confirmed in an independent clinical trial, would have clinical implications for the management of prediabetes.”
There are four major polymorphisms in the vitamin D receptor: FokI, BsmI, ApaI, and TaqI. While the FokI polymorphism produces a shorter vitamin D receptor with enhanced transcriptional activity, the BsmI, ApaI, and TaqI polymorphisms influence mRNA stability, posttranscriptional regulation, and translational efficiency.
ApaI is strongly associated with metabolic syndrome and obesity, which are both major risk factors for type 2 diabetes.
In an extended analysis of the Vitamin D and Type 2 Diabetes (D2d) trial, researchers examined whether VDR gene variants modified the results of the trial.
The primary outcome of the original trial, conducted in people who achieved at least two of the three glycemic criteria for prediabetes, did not reach statistical significance in the intention-to-treat analysis. However, further examination revealed that the effect of vitamin D3 depended on the achieved intratrial serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) levels.
Dawson-Hughes and team therefore examined common VDR polymorphisms in the D2d trial to see whether these polymorphisms were associated with reduced diabetes risk among participants who achieved higher intratrial mean 25(OH)D level, in a discovery-level analysis.
They then conducted a test phase to determine whether participants’ VDR genetic profile modified the response to vitamin D3 supplementation compared with placebo.
Among 2098 participants in the D2d trial, the 618 carrying the AA alleles experienced no reduction in risk of progression to type 2 diabetes either when achieving higher intratrial 25(OH)D concentrations or when using vitamin D3 4000 IUs per day for a median of 2.5 years after adjusting for race, sex, and body mass index, among other variables.
However, the 1480 participants with ApaI AC and CC genotypes—representing 71% of the study population—had a progressively lower risk of type 2 diabetes at intratrial 25(OH)D levels of 40 ng/ml or higher.
Participants with these genotypes had a 19% reduction in the risk of progressing to type 2 diabetes over the same period (Hazard ratio=0.81).
“If confirmed, a 19% risk reduction in conversion to type 2 diabetes with vitamin D3 supplementation would not be trivial,” the authors concluded, noting that assessment of a single VDR polymorphism is inexpensive and now widely available.
In a Commentary article accompanying the study, Michael Holick, PhD, and Arash Shirvani, PhD, both from Boston University, added: “The enormity of the disease burden of diabetes worldwide and the confirmation that vitamin D supplementation of 4000 IUs per day markedly reduces risk of developing it should be a wake-up call and the impetus for health organizations to develop strategies to improve vitamin D status for children and adults with food fortification programs, implementation of supplementation, and sensible sun exposure recommendations for those who are at risk.”
The post Prediabetes Genotyping Identifies Who Benefits from Vitamin D appeared first on Inside Precision Medicine.
<![CDATA[How do estrogen, testosterone, and aromatase shape binge eating and bulimia risk? Let’s explore brain biomarkers and future hormone-aware treatments.]]>
Tideglusib improves novel object recognition memory in the preclinical DBA/2J mdx mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy
IntroductionDuchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a severe X-linked neuromuscular disorder characterized by progressive muscle wasting. Approximately 1 in 3 DMD patients experience cognitive dysfunction, with research suggesting an Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-like pathology. We have previously shown that treatment with the glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3) inhibitor, tideglusib, improves muscle quality, function, and insulin sensitivity in the DBA/2J (D2) mdx mouse model of DMD. In this brief follow-up study, we report the effects of tideglusib treatment on cognitive function.MethodsMale D2 WT and mdx mice were purchased from Jackson Laboratories. Mice were separated into the following groups: (1) WT, (2) mdx-vehicle, and (3) mdx-tideglusib (10 mg/kg/day via oral gavage for 4 weeks). A novel object recognition test was performed to assess recognition memory. Hippocampus and serum samples were collected for BACE1 activity assays, amyloid beta (Aβ) ELISAs, and western blotting.ResultsCompared to vehicle-treated mdx mice, tideglusib-treated mdx mice demonstrated improved recognition memory. These changes to recognition memory were accompanied by greater expression of beta-catenin, an indirect downstream marker of GSK3 inhibition. While there were no changes in BACE1 activity, tideglusib-treated mdx mice had higher concentrations of Aβ in the serum and lower protein levels of receptor of advanced glycation end products.DiscussionThe results from this brief follow-up study offer preliminary support for tideglusib as a treatment for both muscle and brain impairments in mdx mice, potentially improving cognitive function through enhanced vascular Aβ clearance.
MDMA Assisted Therapy for BN
Conditions: Bulimia Nervosa
Interventions: Drug: MDMA-AT; Drug: MDMA-AT-BN; Behavioral: Standard Treatment (ST)
Sponsors: Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
Not yet recruiting
Interventions: Drug: MDMA-AT; Drug: MDMA-AT-BN; Behavioral: Standard Treatment (ST)
Sponsors: Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
Not yet recruiting
STAT+: Tortugas Neuroscience launches with hopes to develop drugs for brain disorders, other conditions
A new startup has found that the Chinese biotech industry is good for more than obesity drugs and cancer therapies.
The company, Tortugas Neuroscience, launched Tuesday with plans to develop two schizophrenia and tinnitus drugs licensed from Chinese drugmaker Jiangsu Hansoh Pharmaceutical Group. The startup will also test two other medicines for focal epilepsy and encephalopathies that were originally created by Japanese pharmaceutical company Eisai Co. Ltd.
Tortugas has $106 million from Cure Ventures, The Column Group, and AN Ventures to begin testing the drugs in mid-stage trials in the U.S.
STAT+: BioAge says experimental pill aimed at reducing heart risks significantly reduced inflammation
BioAge Labs said Tuesday that its investigational pill for cardiovascular risk prevention significantly reduced inflammation in an early study, as more drug companies target inflammation as a way to treat a range of chronic conditions.
In a Phase 1 study of people with obesity and elevated inflammation levels, patients taking a 60-milligram dose of the drug, called BGE-102, experienced an 86% reduction in a measure of inflammation called high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) after three weeks. That’s a similar level of reduction seen in patients who took a higher 120-mg dose in the study, which the company previously reported.
Additionally, 87% of patients taking the 60-mg dose achieved hs-CRP levels of less than 2 mg/liter, the threshold thought to be associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular complications.
Lilly to Acquire Kelonia for Up to $7B, Expanding Cancer Cell Therapy Pipeline
Eli Lilly has agreed to acquire Kelonia Therapeutics for up to $7 billion, the companies said today, in a deal that would bolster the buyer’s oncology pipeline with an early clinical phase lentiviral in vivo chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR T) therapy under study in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma.
Kelonia’s lead program KLN-1010 is a one-time intravenous gene therapy designed to generate anti-B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) CAR T cells, targeting the BCMA protein expressed on the surface of multiple myeloma cells.
In December at the American Society of Hematology (ASH) 2025 Annual Meeting, Kelonia presented positive early clinical data for KLN-1010 from the Phase I inMMyCARTM trial (NCT07075185). The data showed the CAR T therapy to have 100% minimal residual disease (MRD)-negative response rate across four patients, all of whom remained in response through the longest follow up of five months.
Those and other results, according to the company, provided initial clinical validation of KLN-1010 and demonstrated promising tolerability. In January, Kelonia won FDA clearance for an investigational new drug (IND) application for KLN-1010, enabling the trial to expand from Australia into multiple clinical sites across the United States.
“The early clinical data for KLN-1010 are highly encouraging, both as a potential step forward for patients with multiple myeloma and as proof of concept for Kelonia’s platform,” Jacob Van Naarden, executive vice president and president of Lilly Oncology and head of corporate business development, said in a statement.
Investors appeared more sanguine about the Kelonia acquisition as Lilly shares were all but flat in early Monday trading as of 11 a.m. ET, to $927.16 from Friday’s close of $927.03. Kelonia is privately held.
KLN-1010 applies the company’s in vivo gene placement system (iGPS®), which uses engineered lentiviral-based particles designed to efficiently and selectively enter T-cells inside the body, enabling a patient’s own body to generate CAR T therapies designed to treat underlying disease.
Lilly and Kelonia reason that KLN-1010 could transform treatment of multiple myeloma by eliminating challenges associated with both ex vivo patient-specific cell therapy manufacturing, and pre-administration chemotherapy.
“Autologous CAR T therapies have meaningfully improved outcomes for patients with various cancers, but significant manufacturing, safety, and access barriers mean that only a fraction of eligible patients actually receive them,” Van Naarden added. “Kelonia’s in vivo platform has the potential to change that by delivering rapid, durable responses in a far simpler, off-the-shelf format.”
Kelonia marks Eli Lilly’s fourth announced acquisition of a smaller biotech this year:
- In March, Lilly committed up to $7.8 billion to acquire Centessa Therapeutics, a developer of sleep disorder drugs.
- A month earlier, Lilly announced plans to buy out circular RNA cell therapy developer Orna Therapeutics for up to $2.4 billion, targeting advancements in cell therapy.
- And in January, Lilly inked a $1.2 billion acquisition of Ventyx Biosciences, an NLRP3-targeting oral drug developer focused on inflammatory diseases.
Behind the deals
Behind all the deals is the pharma giant’s desire to capitalize on the billions of dollars it is generating from sales of its obesity and diabetes drugs based on glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor analysts alone or in tandem with a glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). Lilly markets tirzepatide, a GLP-1/GIP dual agonist, in obesity as Zepbound® ($13.542 billion in 2025 sales) and in diabetes as Mounjaro® ($22.965 billion).
Lilly stands to generate even more in obesity-related sales in coming years once it brings to market its oral obesity drug Foundayo
(orforglipron), a small molecule GLP-1 receptor agonist—though analysts predict the drug’s 2026 sales will likely be lower than once expected because of the price war Foundayo faces competing head to head with Lilly’s arch-rival in obesity drugs, Novo Nordisk. In December, Novo Nordisk got a jump on Lilly when the Danish biotech giant won FDA approval for oral Wegovy® (semaglutide), a once-daily 25 mg GLP-1 receptor agonist tablet indicated for chronic weight management.
A Lilly buyout of Kelonia could compel Johnson & Johnson to take a closer look at acquiring Legend Biotech, Kostas Biliouris, PhD, a managing director on the biotechnology research team of Oppenheimer, wrote Sunday in a research note. He cited the fact J&J’s Janssen Biotech successfully partnered with Legend to develop Carvykti® (ciltacabtagene autoleucel), a B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA)-directed CAR T-cell therapy indicated for adults with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma who have received at least one prior line of therapy. Carvykti generated $1.877 billion in sales last year, up nearly double (96%) from $963 million in 2024.
Also, Biliouris cited the presence in Legend’s pipeline of LUCAR-G39D, a clinical in vivo CAR T program designed to treat B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma by targeting CD19xCD20. LUCAR-G39D showed positive first-in-human safety and efficacy data from a Phase I trial (NCT06395870) at ASH last December.
“We believe in vivo CAR T technology has strong potential, as treatment process is fast and circumvents the need for lymphodepletion, but think it will likely take ~6-8years before safety/durability questions are addressed, and regulatory approval is granted,” Biliouris predicted.
Lilly has agreed to acquire Kelonia for $3.25 billion upfront plus up to $3.75 billion in future payments tied to achieving specified clinical, regulatory, and commercial milestones. The acquisition deal is subject to regulatory approvals and other customary closing conditions, and is expected to close in the second half of 2026.
Upon closing, Lilly said, it will determine how to account for the transaction in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), then reflect the deal in future financial results and financial guidance.
“Kelonia’s leadership in advancing the immense promise of in vivo cell therapy is unmatched, extending its reach and impact beyond the traditional boundaries of personalized medicine,” Kelonia CEO Kevin Friedman, PhD, stated. “We have demonstrated the ability to achieve deep multiple myeloma remissions with significantly reduced complexity and cost relative to ex vivo CAR T-cell approaches.”
“In combination with Lilly’s strengths, our in vivo iGPS platform is positioned to broaden the reach of cell therapy beyond the current CAR T landscape in hematologic malignancies and to transform treatment across a far wider range of cancers and other serious diseases,” Friedman added.
The post Lilly to Acquire Kelonia for Up to $7B, Expanding Cancer Cell Therapy Pipeline appeared first on GEN – Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology News.