ASGCT 2026: Victoria Gray Roadshow Returns to Boston

BOSTON – The annual American Society of Cell and Gene Therapy (ASGCT) conference got underway in Boston this week with a guest appearance by one of gene therapy’s greatest ambassadors and patient advocates.

Victoria Gray, the sickle cell warrior who was successfully treated in the exa-cel clinical trial sponsored by Vertex Pharmaceuticals/CRISPR Therapeutics seven years ago, spoke in an evening workshop organized by the Emily Whitehead Foundation and ScaleReady.

Boston is becoming a regular stomping ground for Victoria. Last November, she spoke at the Genetic Agency Technology Conference, hosted by Dyno Therapeutics. Last month, she finally received an invitation to visit the headquarters of Vertex and speak in a town hall meeting.

In an extemporaneous 20-minute speech, Victoria talked about her lifelong journey with sickle cell disease (SCD). She recalled her first major pain crisis, when she was a young girl—a lightning-type pain that began in one arm before traveling across her chest and down the other arm. “In minutes, my entire body was engulfed in pain,” she said. “The pain felt like getting struck by lightning and hit by a truck. It took me to the floor.” Her grandmother provided hot towels and Tylenol, but nothing worked—not even prayer. After a week in hospital, Victoria returned home but still felt fatigued.

Stricken by regular pain crises, a hallmark of SCD, Victoria encountered numerous disappointments growing up. Her hematologist said she could not join the cheer team. In eighth grade, she was told she could not join the basketball team, because the exertion would provoke a pain crisis. “As a kid, I was like a Timex: I could take a licking and keep on ticking,” she joked.

In high school, she signed up to join the United States Navy. “I wanted to serve my country,” Victoria recalled. As she was preparing for basic training, she learned that her disease prevented her from enrolling. “So that was another dream lost.” Next, she turned her attention to nursing. Victoria graduated high school in 2003, but it took another seven years before she could qualify for a nursing program. “Professors didn’t understand because I looked whole and complete. They didn’t think I was sick.”

In 2010, just before Halloween, Victoria had the worst pain crisis of her life, stripping her ability to walk or use her arms to feed herself. “I couldn’t do anything, facing some of the worst pain of my life. I was getting strong pain medicines like Dilaudid, ketamine, but still couldn’t move. Pain had taken over my thoughts.” Unable to sleep or even take a nap, Victoria was desperate to go home to her family.

Later, she asked the doctors if they had heard about a haplo-bone marrow transplant (BMT). “I can’t continue living like this,” she said. The doctors looked at each other and said no. After weeks of prayer, Victoria received a call from her hematologist. “Victoria, I have good news, but I only want to tell you in person.” For the first time in her adult life, Victoria was excited about a doctor’s appointment.

She traveled to Nashville with her brother, who would be her BMT donor, and her husband. She met Haydar Frangoul, MD, whom Victoria calls, “the nicest doctor that I’ve met in my adult life.” Frangoul told her: “Victoria, I wish I had met you ten years ago!’

Although Victoria’s brother was a suitable BMT match, Victoria was scared of the possibility of graft vs. host disease (GVHD). “My purple pill basket was filled to the brim with medicine every day. If I would acquire [GVHD], that basket would have to triple in size.”

 

“I’m a human!”

On her next visit to Nashville, she had to extend her stay because of another pain crisis. But that stay changed her life. Frangoul sat next to her bedside. “Victoria, have you ever heard of CRISPR?” he asked. Victoria shook her head.

Frangoul used a typo-in-a-textbook analogy and reassured Victoria that there was no chance of GVHD, because she would be receiving her own modified stem cells. “You’ll be the first person to do this, Victoria,” he said. “First human?” she asked. “Yes,” Frangoul said, “but it’s been tested in primates.”

“But I’m a human!” she said.

After being reassured that she could still try a bone marrow transplant if the procedure did not work, Victoria agreed to move forward. The chemotherapy, was “hell on Earth,” she recalled. “I lost my hair, which I was prepared for, but the mucositis, the sores in my mouth, the inability to eat for two weeks, was gruesome.”

Victoria swallowed her tears and decided to fight. This was the first time she had been in the hospital by her choice, to live for her children. About eight months after receiving her CRISPR-edited stem cells in July 2019, she woke up one morning, not feeling anything. “Oh my God, I’m dead,” she thought. She called her kids into the room and hugged them, slowly realizing that “this is what normal feels like.” For the first time in more than 25 years, Victoria did not have any pain in her lower back and hips. She was able to breathe deeply without wincing.

A few years after her therapy, Victoria was finally able to take her first ever flight, to Washington D.C. to visit her husband, who was on deployment. “It was the first time that I was ever able to show up for the man who has shown up for me,” she said. She has since watched her daughter dance in a Christmas parade and supported her son playing high school football. “The little things have brought me great joy,” she said.

Her second flight was a business class trip to London with her husband in March 2023, where she spoke at the third International Summit on Human Genome Editing. “I got to keep my covenant that I made with God, that God, if you do this for me, I would tell the world about what you did.”

Victoria welcomed her first granddaughter on Christmas Eve, 2024. Next week, another milestone: she will be in the audience as her twins graduate high school. And next month, she will publish a children’s book called Hema’s Journey, the tale of her inspiring journey with CRISPR gene therapy. She’s currently training for a group effort to climb Mt. Kilimanjaro.

Perhaps at next year’s ASGCT conference in Philadelphia, she will be invited to present in a plenary session on the main stage. It would be hard to think of a more fitting speaker.

The post ASGCT 2026: Victoria Gray Roadshow Returns to Boston appeared first on GEN – Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology News.

<![CDATA[Experts discuss rapid cycling and bipolar II, and weigh lithium as an often overlooked treatment option. ]]>

Regional Virtual Acute Care Helpline in Singapore at a National University Health System Virtual Care Centre: Retrospective Study

Background: Emergency department (ED) overcrowding and delayed access to care are ongoing challenges in Singapore. The COVID-19 pandemic further underscored the need for scalable virtual care models that go beyond traditional hospital settings, allowing patients to access acute specialist care quickly and efficiently. Objective: This study describes the design, implementation, and early outcomes of the National University Health System (NUHS) Virtual Care Centre (VCC), a clinician-led helpline aimed at reducing unnecessary ED visits and supporting community-based acute care. Methods: In 2020, the NUHS launched the VCC, a helpline at Alexandra Hospital, as a prehospital triage model. The helpline functions as a nurse-led telephone triage with real-time escalation to doctors for urgent medical issues. It ensures the continuity of care for patients recently discharged and diverts nonemergency cases from the ED. A retrospective analysis of call data from 2020 to 2024 was conducted to evaluate utilization patterns, clinical outcomes, and safety. Results: Over 4 years, the VCC managed 4857 calls, of which 59.3% (n=2879) were clinical in nature. Nearly two-thirds (1834/2879, 63.7%) were resolved remotely, preventing in-person ED visits. Only 13.8% (397/2879) required redirection to an ED, and 3.3% (95/2879) were directly admitted to an acute hospital or hospital at home service. Within 72 hours of call resolution, 69.1% (1990/2879) of the callers avoided an ED visit. Undertriage was 4.9% (110/2232) at 72 hours post call resolution, with no high dependency or intensive care unit admissions during this period. Mortality rates were low (1.0% at 14 days; 2.3% at 30 days). Conclusions: The NUHS VCC provides a feasible and safe model for virtual acute care triage within the public health care system. It effectively diverted lower-acuity cases from the ED and ensured continuity of care, offering a scalable approach aligned with national efforts to extend health care beyond hospital walls.
<img src="https://jmir-production.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thumbs/bbbab2870bb94f230cfd987cf69b3559" />

<![CDATA[A new report shows private practice clinicians deliver over 113 million sessions of mental health care, making up the majority of outpatient care.]]>

iCARE Self-Guided Digital Intervention for Postpartum Depression in Danish Mothers: Formative Research Using User-Centered Design

<strong>Background:</strong> Postpartum depression (PPD) is a major public health concern. Despite advancements in treatment, many barriers to accessing care remain. There has been a growing interest in digital interventions for the prevention and treatment of PPD. However, for mothers with mild and moderate symptoms of depression, there is a limited offer of self-guided internet-based interventions developed with user input and with considerations on how to integrate the intervention into stepped care models for PPD. <strong>Objective:</strong> The aim of this study was (1) to describe the process of the design and development of iCARE, a self-guided digital psychological intervention for mothers with mild and moderate symptoms of PPD in Denmark, (2) present the program’s theory illustrated by a logic model, and (3) explore its initial usability and prospective acceptability. <strong>Methods:</strong> Applying user-centered design methods, the intervention development followed six steps: (1) a literature review to identify evidence‑based therapeutic components of self‑guided interventions for PPD, (2) interviews with women with lived experience of PPD and group discussions with mental health experts and home‑visiting providers to identify user needs, (3) iterative design and content development with stakeholder feedback in collaboration with the Department of Digital Psychiatry, (4) prototype testing using think‑aloud usability sessions and interviews with 5 mothers, (5) a group cognitive walkthrough with mental health experts, and (6) final refinement and implementation of the iCARE program with developers and designers. <strong>Results:</strong> Initial interviews with mothers and maternal health care providers emphasized the importance of a digital intervention offering timely psychoeducation, coping strategies, and pathways to in-person care while addressing the diversity of expressions of PPD symptoms. Stakeholders recommended a flexible program, multimodal content, and integration into maternal care systems with community health nurses supporting engagement and participation. The prototype was designed to be user-centered, engaging, and with multiple interactive features. It included components on psychoeducation, cognitive exercises grounded in cognitive behavioral therapy, acceptance and commitment principles, and mood-monitoring. The prototype was designed to be user-centered and engaging, with interactive features and components on psychoeducation, cognitive exercises grounded in cognitive behavioral and acceptance and commitment principles, and mood-monitoring. Prototype testing indicated high prospective acceptability and led to refinements across 6 themes: appropriateness of content; motivation and engagement; inclusivity and gender representation; clarity of instructions and data use; understanding of therapeutic method; and usability, layout, and navigation. <strong>Conclusions:</strong> iCARE is a self-guided internet-based psychological intervention for mothers with mild and moderate symptoms of PPD in Denmark. It was developed with user input by using qualitative methods, user-centered design, and psychological theory. Further research is needed to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of the program in a randomized controlled trial and its integration into maternal health care models such as universal PPD screening and home-visiting.

Early Detection of Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias From Spontaneous Speech Using Foundation Speech and Language Models: Comparative Evaluation

<strong>Background:</strong> Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) are progressive neurodegenerative conditions where early detection is critical for timely intervention and care planning. However, current diagnostic methods are often inaccessible, costly, and delayed, especially for underserved populations. There is a growing need for scalable, noninvasive tools that can support timely diagnosis. Spontaneous speech contains rich acoustic and linguistic markers that can serve as noninvasive behavioral markers for cognitive decline. Foundation models, pretrained on large-scale audio or text data, generate high-dimensional embeddings that encode rich contextual and acoustic information. <strong>Objective:</strong> This study benchmarks open-source foundation language and speech models to evaluate their effectiveness in detecting ADRD from spontaneous speech as a potential solution for early, noninvasive, and scalable ADRD detection. <strong>Methods:</strong> In this study, we used the Pioneering Research for Early Prediction of Alzheimer’s and Related Dementias EUREKA (PREPARE) Challenge dataset, which consists of audio recordings from over 1600 participants with 3 distinct categories of cognitive decline: healthy control (HC), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We further excluded samples that are non-English, nonspontaneous speech, or of poor quality. Our final samples included 703 (59.13%) HC, 81 (6.81%) MCI, and 405 (34.06%) AD cases. We systematically benchmarked 18 open-source foundation speech and language models to classify cognitive status into 3 categories (HC, MCI, or AD). Post hoc interpretability analysis was performed for the best-performing model using Shapley additive explanations linking high-dimensional embeddings with explainable acoustic and linguistic markers. <strong>Results:</strong> Whisper-medium model achieved the highest performance among speech models at 0.731 accuracy and 0.802 area under the curve, while Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers with pause annotation achieved the top accuracy of 0.662 and 0.744 area under the curve among language models. Overall, ADRD detection based on state-of-the-art automatic speech recognition model-generated audio-embeddings outperformed other models, and the inclusion of nonsemantic information, such as pause patterns, consistently improved the classification performance of text-embedding–based models. <strong>Conclusions:</strong> Our work presents a comprehensive comparative evaluation of state-of-the-art speech and language models for AD and MCI detection on a large, clinically relevant dataset. Embeddings derived from acoustic models, which capture both semantic and acoustic information, show promising performance and highlight the potential for developing a more scalable, noninvasive, and cost-effective early detection tool for ADRD.

The Download: making drugs in orbit and NASA’s nuclear-powered spacecraft

This is today’s edition of The Download, our weekday newsletter that provides a daily dose of what’s going on in the world of technology.

A plan to make drugs in orbit is going commercial

A startup called Varda Space Industries is betting that the future of pharmaceuticals lies in orbit. The company has signed a deal with United Therapeutics to test whether drugs crystallize differently in microgravity, potentially creating improved versions with new properties.

The idea sounds futuristic, but falling launch costs and reusable rockets are making space-based manufacturing seem increasingly plausible. Varda says the partnership could mark an important step toward building products in orbit for use back on Earth.

Discover how space could become the next frontier for drug development.

—Antonio Regalado

MIT Technology Review Narrated: NASA is building the first nuclear reactor-powered interplanetary spacecraft. How will it work?

Just before Artemis II began its historic slingshot around the moon, NASA revealed an even grander space travel plan. By the end of 2028, the agency aims to fly a nuclear reactor-powered interplanetary spacecraft to Mars.

A successful mission would herald a new era in spaceflight—and might just give the US the edge in the race against China. But the project remains shrouded in mystery.

MIT Technology Review picked the brains of nuclear power and propulsion experts to find out how the nuclear-powered spacecraft might work.

—Robin George Andrews

This is our latest story to be turned into an MIT Technology Review Narrated podcast, which we publish each week on Spotify and Apple Podcasts. Just navigate to MIT Technology Review Narrated on either platform, and follow us to get all our new content as it’s released.

The must-reads

I’ve combed the internet to find you today’s most fun/important/scary/fascinating stories about technology.

1 Sam Altman claims Elon Musk tried to seize control of OpenAI
Altman said Musk initially wanted 90% of the equity. (AFP)
+ And that control should go to his children when he dies. (BBC)
+ Altman also accused Musk of twice trying to end its non-profit status. (NPR)
+ Musk’s motivations for the suit are under scrutiny. (MIT Technology Review)

2 Google and SpaceX are in talks to launch data centers into orbit
SpaceX could join Suncatcher, Google’s orbital data center project. (WSJ $)
+ The project’s first launch is slated for early 2027. (Guardian)
+ Anthropic and SpaceX have also discussed orbital data centers. (Wired $)
+ But there are a few hurdles to overcome. (MIT Technology Review) 

3 Jensen Huang has joined Donald Trump’s high-stakes mission to China
Nvidia is lobbying to sell its AI chips in the country. (Bloomberg $)
+ Elon Musk and Tim Cook are also on the trip. (CNBC)
+ But a tech rivalry and distrust have sapped hopes for big deals. (Reuters $)

4 ICE agents have a list of 20 million people on their iPhones, thanks to Palantir
An ICE official said Palantir is speeding up raids and arrests. (404 Media)
+ ICE has also used facial recognition and Paragon spyware. (TechCrunch)

5 Defense tech firm Anduril just doubled its valuation to over $60 billion
In a $5 billion funding round led by Thrive Capital and a16z. (FT $)
Anduril, which makes AI-backed weapons, may go public next year. (NYT $)

6 Meta employees are protesting computer-tracking at work
Flyers posted at offices are urging staff to oppose the program. (Reuters $)
+ Meta plans to track workers’ clicks and keystrokes to train AI. (CNBC)

7 OpenAI is facing another wrongful death lawsuit over ChatGPT medical advice
The chatbot’s tips allegedly led to a teenager’s overdose. (Ars Technica)

8 The Canvas learning platform has paid hackers to delete stolen student data
It caved to ransomware demands after the biggest-ever edtech breach. (BBC)

9 Scientific researchers are thinking twice about using AI
Due to price hikes, usage limitations, and unreliable outputs. (Nature)

10 The latest AI compute solution? Putting data centers in your home
Hardware hosts get subsidized electricity and internet. (Ars Technica)

Quote of the day

“Mr Musk did try to kill it.”

—Sam Altman claims that Elon Musk tried to destroy rather than protect OpenAI’s non-profit operations, the Guardian reports.

One More Thing

ASCII image of a head with the text, "How can I help you today?"

YOSHI SODEOKA


Why does AI hallucinate?

Chatbot fails are now a familiar meme. Meta’s short-lived scientific chatbot generated wiki articles about the history of bears in space. Lawyers have submitted court documents filled with legal citations fabricated by ChatGPT. Air Canada was ordered to honor a refund policy invented by its customer service chatbot.

This tendency to make things up—known as hallucination—is one of the biggest obstacles holding chatbots back from more widespread adoption. Here’s why they do it—and why we still can’t fix it.

—Will Douglas Heaven

This story is part of MIT Technology Review Explains, our series untangling the complex, messy world of technology to help you understand what’s coming next. You can read more from the series here. 

We can still have nice things

A place for comfort, fun, and distraction to brighten up your day. (Got any ideas? Drop me a line.)

+ A historian has unearthed the etymology of every single dinosaur name.
+ Humus on the moon is getting closer to reality after scientists grew chickpeas in lunar soil.
+ Witness the patience of a master paper artist in this gallery of intricate, handmade sculptures.
+ Want to tell the time alphabetically? Me neither, but this cursed clock is an intriguing reason to try.

Roles of NRXN1 in neuropsychiatric disorders: from genetic lesion to molecular mechanism

Numerous neuropsychiatric disorders frequently exhibit overlapping genetic risk factors, implying the molecular basis for their comorbidity. Nevertheless, the pathogenesis of these disorders remains elusive, particularly regarding how genetic variations impair the physiological function of risk genes and contribute to disease phenotypes. Neurexin 1 protein, encoded by NRXN1 gene, belongs to the neurexin family of presynaptic adhesion molecules. And neurexin 1 is involved in synaptogenesis and the maintenance of synaptic action. Genetic variations of NRXN1 have been demonstrated to be associated with a spectrum of neuropsychiatric disorders. Herein, this review focuses on the most recent and relevant literature concerning the genetic and molecular mechanisms through which NRXN1 variants contribute to the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders, particularly schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder. Among them, we propose the isoform-dependent excitation-inhibition imbalance hypothesis of NRXN1 in autism spectrum disorder. And this hypothesis may account for both the elevated and decreased excitation-inhibition ratios observed in diverse individuals with autism spectrum disorder. Moreover, both schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder involve deletions and alternative splicing of NRXN1, offering molecular evidence for their comorbidity. Then, we analyzed and summarized the current research status of NRXN1 in other neuropsychiatric disorders, including attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, insomnia, epilepsy, suicide, and depression. Additionally, available limited researches on NRXN1-targeted therapeutic strategies and associated pharmacological studies are also incorporated. Finally, we discussed existing challenges in NRXN1 research within the context of neuropsychiatric disorders and proposed potential avenues to overcome these obstacles.

Direct modulation of human GABA-A α1β2γ2 receptors by the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol: implications for cannabinoid-related ligands and limitations for anxiolytic drug development

Anxiety disorders are associated with impaired inhibitory neurotransmission mediated by γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABA-A) receptors. Although benzodiazepines remain effective anxiolytics, their clinical utility is limited by sedation, cognitive impairment, tolerance, and dependence, prompting the search for mechanistically distinct GABAergic modulators. Among cannabinoid-related molecules, the strongest evidence for direct GABA-A receptor modulation concerns the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), which potentiates recombinant human α1β2γ2 receptors through residues located in the M4 helix of the β2 subunit. Here, we review the structural architecture, biophysical properties, and pharmacological profile of the human GABA-A α1β2γ2 isoform as the relevant molecular framework for evaluating this mechanism, while discussing the broader relevance of cannabinoid-related ligands and selected phytocannabinoids without assuming mechanistic equivalence. We further assess the hypothesis that 2-AG reaches the β2-M4 site through a membrane-access route and identify five conceptual barriers that currently limit translation of this mechanism into anxiolytic drug development: supraphysiological effective concentrations, unresolved synaptic-versus-extrasynaptic actions, uncertain subtype selectivity, incomplete validation of lipid-environment effects, and lack of clinical evidence linking this mechanism to anxiolysis in humans. We conclude that direct modulation through β2-M4 defines a mechanistically intriguing allosteric pathway distinct from benzodiazepine action; however, its location on a shared β2 subunit and the micromolar concentrations required for modulation represent substantial obstacles to the rational design of anxioselective agents based on this mechanism.