Radically different
Nature Neuroscience, Published online: 21 April 2026; doi:10.1038/s41593-026-02272-6
Zou et al. reveal a key difference between human brains and large language models (LLMs). While LLMs are optimized to predict the next word, the human brain modulates prediction efficiency by strategically grouping words into phrases.
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Good morning health tech readers!
Maybe the Trump administration has grand plans to cover breakthrough devices after all?
This is today’s edition of The Download, our weekday newsletter that provides a daily dose of what’s going on in the world of technology.
As human society has expanded, animals have started struggling to hear one another. For many birds, the noise has grown so loud that they’ve begun to sing with faster trills. Now, their mating calls aren’t as effective.
The growing hubbub can also increase bird-on-bird conflict, and entire species that can’t handle urban clamor simply leave town for good. But there are technological solutions to the noises hurting animals—and they could help humans, too.
—Clive Thompson
In May, a new subway segment will connect downtown Los Angeles to the Pacific Ocean. What today can be an hours-long drive through a busy, museum-packed stretch of the city will be, if all goes well, a 25-minute train ride.
The existence of subway stops in this part of town—known as Miracle Mile—is a technological triumph over geography and geology. Find out why.
—Adam Rogers
Both of these stories are from the next issue of our print magazine, which is all about nature. Subscribe now to read it when it lands tomorrow.
The must-reads
I’ve combed the internet to find you today’s most fun/important/scary/fascinating stories about technology.
1 Apple’s Tim Cook is stepping down as CEO
Hardware chief John Ternus will take over from him in September. (CNN)
+ Ternus’ defining challenge may be fixing Apple’s AI strategy. (CNBC)
+ How does Cook compare with Apple’s other CEOs through the years? (NYT $)
2 Anthropic’s new Amazon deal escalates the compute war with OpenAI
Anthropic will spend more than $100 billion on Amazon compute.(Axios $)
+ OpenAI touted its compute advantage over Anthropic two weeks ago. (Bloomberg $)
+ Here’s why the AI compute explosion has only just begun. (MIT Technology Review)
3 Silicon Valley is trying to get into the news business
The latest addition is Andreessen Horowitz’s MTS. (The Information $)
+ OpenAI recently bought a business talk show. (NPR)
+ They join Elon Musk’s X and a new Peter Thiel-backed startup. (Axios)
4 The banking industry is scrambling to get access to Anthropic’s Mythos
As regulators review the risks to financial services. (Reuters $)+ Germany’s central bank has called for wider access to Mythos. (Bloomberg $)
5 War memes are turning conflict into content
Fueled by recommendation systems designed to keep you hooked. (Wired $)
+ AI is turning the Iran conflict into theater. (MIT Technology Review)
6 AI is boosting worker productivity, but not their paychecks
Employees aren’t financially benefiting from their extra efficiency. (Quartz)
+ New data sheds light on the current state of AI. (MIT Technology Review)
7 Amazon’s ambition to rival Starlink has hit a setback
After a Blue Origin rocket was grounded. (FT $)
8 Jeff Bezos’s AI lab has neared a $38 billion valuation
In an imminent $10 billion fundraising deal from investors. (FT $)
+ The startup focuses on AI for engineering and manufacturing. (Reuters $)
9 Scientific AI agents have got their own social network
Where they share, debate, and discuss research papers. (Nature)
10 A Mars rover has discovered new “origin-of-life” molecules
They suggest Mars wasn’t always a lifeless red desert. (Gizmodo)
Quote of the day
One More Thing
There is more stuff being created now than at any time in history, but our data is more fragile than ever. One day in the future, YouTube’s videos may permanently disappear. Facebook—and your uncle’s holiday posts—will vanish.
For many archivists, alarm bells are ringing. Across the world, they’re scraping up defunct websites, saving at-risk data collections, and developing data storage technologies that could last thousands of years.
Their work raises complex questions. What is important to us? How do we decide what to keep—and what do we let go? Read our story on the thorny problems of digital preservation.
—Niall Firth
We can still have nice things
A place for comfort, fun and distraction to brighten up your day. (Got any ideas? Drop me a line.)
+ Apple’s forgotten co-founder recently shared his story of the company’s early days.
+ Witness a rare underwater volcanic eruption in the Solomon Islands.
+ Learn what makes Shakespeare’s writing so effective in this masterful analysis.
+ An Artemis II astronaut shared a stunning iPhone video showing Earth disappear behind the Moon at 8x zoom.
A new startup has found that the Chinese biotech industry is good for more than obesity drugs and cancer therapies.
The company, Tortugas Neuroscience, launched Tuesday with plans to develop two schizophrenia and tinnitus drugs licensed from Chinese drugmaker Jiangsu Hansoh Pharmaceutical Group. The startup will also test two other medicines for focal epilepsy and encephalopathies that were originally created by Japanese pharmaceutical company Eisai Co. Ltd.
Tortugas has $106 million from Cure Ventures, The Column Group, and AN Ventures to begin testing the drugs in mid-stage trials in the U.S.
BioAge Labs said Tuesday that its investigational pill for cardiovascular risk prevention significantly reduced inflammation in an early study, as more drug companies target inflammation as a way to treat a range of chronic conditions.
In a Phase 1 study of people with obesity and elevated inflammation levels, patients taking a 60-milligram dose of the drug, called BGE-102, experienced an 86% reduction in a measure of inflammation called high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) after three weeks. That’s a similar level of reduction seen in patients who took a higher 120-mg dose in the study, which the company previously reported.
Additionally, 87% of patients taking the 60-mg dose achieved hs-CRP levels of less than 2 mg/liter, the threshold thought to be associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular complications.
In the past, even with an icebreaker and during peak melt season, getting to the North Pole wasn’t a sure bet. It took favorable winds to crack the frozen ocean surface, and ships had to fight through ice that had grown many meters thick over several winters. In the summer of 2025, though, Jochen Knies from the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, and his team met little resistance on their way to 90 degrees North with the research vessel Kronprins Haakon. The geologist “didn’t hear the usual grinding of ice” against the hull that he remembered from 1996, when he first reached the pole by ship. Instead, thin floes and large stretches of open water made for an easy, quiet passage. To him, it was “a reminder of how quickly the Arctic is changing.”
Since the late 1970s, when satellite observations of the polar seas began, summer ice cover of the Arctic Ocean has declined by more than 40%. In less than half a century, a frozen area the size of the Mediterranean Sea has turned into blue open water with the rapid warming of the high northern latitudes. If this trend continues, there could soon be summers at the North Pole with no sea ice whatsoever. The last time this happened may have been some 120,000 years ago. But no one knows for certain.
That’s why Knies and his colleagues, a team of researchers from Norway and Germany, set out from Svalbard to the central Arctic last August. The aim of their five-week mission was to determine whether this region had been ice-free in recent Earth history—and if so, when. As part of a €12.5 million project financed by the European Union, they also came to answer some questions about the future of the Arctic and beyond: How does the loss of sea ice affect the marine ecosystem? What are the consequences for ocean circulation and global climate?
In search of clues, the expedition collected sediment cores up to 22 meters in length at different locations across the Arctic seafloor. Marine sediments are valuable climate archives that give scientists a window into bygone eras. Like diligent record keepers, they can log past water temperatures, sea-ice coverage, and the strength of ocean currents. These data are encrypted in the chemical and physical properties of the plankton remains and weathered rock deposited on the seabed.
While sediment cores several meters long had been recovered on earlier expeditions in the central Arctic, there is no scientific consensus on how old the deposits actually are or whether sea ice ever completely disappeared in summer.
To decode the Arctic’s climate archive, Knies brought a team of experts from various disciplines onboard the Kronprins Haakon to dig deeper and obtain fresh samples they could subject to the latest analytical techniques.
Some of this work was done while the researchers were still at sea. Now, at their home laboratories, they are finalizing their analysis of the seafloor samples. One important task is dating the sediments, which may be up to 2 million years old. The team uses a combination of methods to do this, including measuring magnetization, the decay of radioactive elements, and the exposure of mineral grains to sunlight before sinking to the depths. Once they can place them on a timeline, the materials in the cores will help researchers paint a picture of what the Arctic Ocean looked like in times that were warmer than today. For example, the presence or absence of the molecule IP25, which is produced exclusively by ice algae, could tell them how far the sea ice receded at a given time.
At the end of the study, the team hopes to have data that could improve climate projections for a future ice-free “blue Arctic,” helping us understand how it could affect marine life and carbon storage, Atlantic Ocean circulation, or extreme weather events in Europe and North America.
Tim Kalvelage is a freelance science reporter based in Bremen, Germany, who focuses on climate, ocean, and polar research. He has been to the North Pole twice.
In outpatient medicine, decisions move quickly.
A prescription is sent to a pharmacy. A referral goes out to a specialist. A test is ordered. From the patient’s perspective, the process feels immediate. Care begins moving forward as soon as the visit ends.
Circa 1970, the renowned Russian neuropsychologist Alexander Luria together with Karl Pribram from Stanford University and other neuroscientists of that era introduced the term “executive functions” into the scientific lexicon to denote complex behaviors such as attention and awareness. They identified the frontal lobe — the front of the brain — as the “executive of the brain” responsible for these behaviors based on their experiments with primates and patients with specific brain injuries.
Over time, the concept evolved to include mental processes needed to focus, concentrate, and pay attention when challenged by multiple simultaneous sources of information to weigh options and make informed decisions as opposed to impulsive ones.
Nature Medicine, Published online: 20 April 2026; doi:10.1038/s41591-026-04380-z
As presented at the 2026 AACR Annual Meeting: in a phase 1b trial, patients with microsatellite-stable colorectal cancer received a FAP-4-1BB ligand together with the CEA-directed T cell engager cibisatamab; the treatment was safe, and biomarker analysis showed induction of immunity in line with the biological rationale.
Nature Medicine, Published online: 20 April 2026; doi:10.1038/s41591-026-04365-y
As presented at the 2026 AACR Annual Meeting, in a phase 2 trial, treatment of patients with high-risk smoldering multiple myeloma with BCMA-targeting CAR T cell therapy ciltacabtagene autoleucel was safe and led to encouraging rates of clinical responses.